What is "biological cognitive enhancement"?

“Biological cognitive enhancement” refers to technologies to change human biology to increase people’s cognitive capabilities. There may be genes or molecules that can be modified to improve general intelligence. Researchers have already done this in mice: they over-expressed the NR2B gene in some mice, which improved those mice’s memory beyond that of any other mice of any mouse species. Biological cognitive enhancement in humans may cause an intelligence explosion to occur more quickly than it otherwise would.

Further reading:

• Bostrom & Sandberg, Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges